A note on ‘Corporate Social Responsibility and Marketing Channel Coordination’

Goering (2012) works on a bilateral monopoly with perfect marketing channel coordination to analyze the effects of corporate social responsibility. He starts the analysis of a bilateral monopoly with socially concerned firms where either the manufacturer or the retailer is additionally to its profit interested in a share of consumer surplus. In this short note, we extend this analysis and study the case where both firms are socially concerned. As a result, we enlarge the analysis started by Goering (2012) and get further interesting insights into a bilateral monopoly with corporate social responsibility. First, we are able to summarize ‘Proposition 1’ and ‘Proposition 4’ into a common one and figure out the circumstances when the wholesale price fixed by the manufacturer is below marginal costs. Second, we explain analytically the findings from ‘Proposition 3’ and ‘Proposition 6’. We point out the model's key assumption – the perfectly coordinated marketing channel – as the driver of the results and the reason for the equilibrium results' independence from retailer's social concern.     

智能建筑的分析和研究

通过探讨国内外智能建筑的发展,分析了我国智能建筑的发展现状及存在的问题,展望了智能建筑的发展趋势。要发展我国智能建筑,应树立＂以人为本,按需集成＂的思想,充分利用当今的信息科技,并逐渐规范行业术语,加速制定相关行业标准。     

The effect of local and global linkages on the innovativeness in ICT SMEs: does location-specific context matter?

Abstract

Countries differ significantly with regard to the location-specific contexts in which they are embedded. The aim of this paper is to extend the discussion on the effects of local and global innovation collaborations on the degree of novelty of innovation by considering this context. Our main question is: Does embeddedness in the developed or emerging country context affect the likelihood of benefiting from local or global linkages for innovations with higher novelty?

The paper is based on data gathered through a survey of firms in the ICT sector in an emerging economy (India) context and from two Scandinavian countries (Sweden and Norway). The findings of this study show that global linkages do indeed impact the degree of novelty of innovation. However, country context does have a moderating effect. While the effect of global linkages is highly positive on the innovativeness of Scandinavian firms, for the Indian SMEs, the linkages that give novel innovations are the regional ones.     

Whatever happened to Marshall's industrial economics?

Industry and Trade and the works on industrial economics by the Cambridge school – Chapman, Macgregor, Robertson, Lavington, A. Robinson and Florence – are usually neglected as if they were devoid of theoretical relevance. By contrast, the author argues that Marshall's evolutionary model, centred on the continuous interplay between innovation and standardization, inspired original research on localization, business size, coordination costs and industrial combinations. The paper also suggests that Marshallian ideas on the growth of firms and the structure of industrial organization are coming back in contemporary evolutionary theories of the firm.     

Estimation of proportion and sensitivity of a qualitative character

In this paper, a simple and obvious procedure is presented that allows to estimate π, the population proportion of a sensitive group, in addition to T, the probability that the respondents belonging to the sensitive group tell the truth whenever questioning directly. Properties of the estimators of π and T as well as sample size allocation are studied. And, efficiency comparisons are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed method. It is found that the proposed strategy is more efficient than Warner's (1965) strategy, and has an additional advantage of deciding the optimal survey technique for practical situations. Received: October 2000     

Comparing the patronage selection criteria of the elderly: chronological age versus dependency

This study investigates the impact of the degree of retailer international involvement (DRII), which we define as the number of geographic regions in which a retailer operates, on retailer performance. The data cover 16 international retailers over the period 1996–2012. The findings of the study show that DRII is negatively related to retailer performance. We also find that the cultural distance between the home and host country moderates the relationship between DRII and retailer performance.     

中小企业市场中介组织发展模式

目前，社会化的专门为中小企业提供生产协作服务和技术指导的市场中介组织还较缺乏，且服务内容与方式单一。为了促进中小企业展开专业化生产协作，就急需建立技术指导、信息服务和设备专用中心等中介组织，为中小企业提供核心专长诊断、业务外包及技术支持等服务。     

Impact evaluation for tourism development using the fuzzy set model: A case study of Kyongju,Korea

The Community tourism industry is primarily influenced by facilities, traffic systems, capacity, and development of tourism commodities. To develop tourism industry on a local basis, it is unavoidable to make investments on a large scale. Factor analysis for impact evaluation prior to undertaking of development projects, which this study intends to make, is more reasonable when related to the fuzzy numeric analysis of words or sentences than to a quantitative analysis of measured information. In this study the Euclidean distance method and Zadeh's fuzzy extension principle were used as linguistic approximation to establish the validity of decision‐ making in each factor category of impact degree. Therefore, this study introduces a general concept of Fuzzy theory through literature review of linguistic expressions. This study examined availability of the Fuzzy model in analyzing investment priorities for tourist development and applied it to Kyongju area, which unveiled the priorities for Kyongju tourism future in order of traffic system improvement, early construction of horse‐ racing track now under planning, promotion of Kyongju as tourism special zone to visitors and positive tourism events. In terms of methodology, this study disclosed that Fuzzy Model approach is greatly useful to decision‐making processes in tourist development.     

人地系统及其协调发展

人地系统是由人类社会系统和地球自然物质系统交互作用而成 ,它们之间的竞争和协同推动人地系统的演进。协调人地关系就在于协调两个子系统之间物质、能量、信息的输入和输出关系 ,使它们保持动态平衡。本文在具体分析了人类社会系统和地球自然物质系统之间的相互关系和作用后提出了协调措施。     

Cooperation support through the use of group decision systems

This article considers the development of the group decision support system (GDSS) field both from organizational and technological perspectives. The growing importance of teamwork, lateral coordination, and activities integration inside modern business organizations is emphasized. Technological and knowledge specialization, quick transformation of business environments, reduction of response time, and so on, are some of the reasons that can explain the renewed relevance of teamwork. Also, the development of information technology (IT) is analyzed in relation to the role it is assuming in supporting group activities. Research in the GDSS field is then introduced. A proposal concerning the identification of three different phases in GDSS studies is developed, ranging from decision rooms to distributed systems. Each phase shows distinctive research topics and application fields, together with different organizational goals. Results of these developments are the growth of potential application areas of GDSS tools. These theoretical considerations, together with empirical experiences coming from the study of a real manufacturing environment (an IBM plant where group cooperation plays a fundamental role for production efficiency), constitute the basis for a research GDSS prototype (GROUPS). Prototype features are designed to support executives in facing production‐planning problems through an improvement in communications and in knowledge representation.